Jun 5, 2017 | Instruments & Equipment, Laboratory Instruments & Laboratory Equipment, Laboratory Management and Operations, Laboratory News, Laboratory Operations, Laboratory Pathology, Laboratory Testing, Management & Operations
While many of the major gains promised by electronic health records (EHRs) and big data remain elusive, Geisinger Health’s Unified Data Architecture demonstrates how big data might help healthcare providers and clinical laboratories optimize care, improve outcomes, and control costs as the technology evolves
Use of big data in healthcare gets plenty of hoopla these days. Many experts predict great things as clinical laboratory test data is pooled with other patient information and demographic data. But there are many technical problems to be overcome before the full potential of healthcare big data can be translated into ways that improve the health of individuals.
Big data in healthcare is essential to the success of both precision medicine and population health management. However, without the ability to consolidate other data sources and provide intuitive ways for healthcare providers to access, analyze, and utilize the data coming from the various sources, such as clinical laboratory and anatomic pathology test results, much of the data can be underutilized or overlooked.
Medical laboratories continue to generate increased amounts of data, much of which often finds its way into electronic health record (EHR) systems and other data silos. A Harvard Business Review (HBR) report from doctors at Geisinger Health in Pennsylvania shows how this data might be used.
Consolidating Data to Create Cohesive Snapshots of Patient Health
The HBR report attributes Geisinger’s ability to utilize big healthcare data to its Unified Data Architecture (UDA). According to a Healthcare Informatics article, Geisinger’s UDA was based on Hadoop and other open source software. According to the doctors who wrote the HBR report, “… pulling meaningful data aggregated from many sources back out of EHRs has historically been vexingly complex. The potential insight from these data are limited in practice by the shortcomings of traditional data repositories.”
Geisinger’s UDA addresses two key issues the Healthcare Informatics authors see as obstacles to the expanded, easier use of big healthcare data:
- Lack of ways to deal with unstructured patient notes that do not adhere to traditional database organizational structures; and
- Data silos created when multiple departments collect data but use separate storage systems.
Using natural language processing (NLP), the UDA system can pull critical information from long-form written reports or analyses.
Big data graphic above from Nuance, developer of intelligent systems for healthcare and other industries, illustrates the challenges involved in acquiring, sifting, managing, and utilizing big data in healthcare. (Graphic copyright: Nuance.)
Geisinger’s system connects nurses on the floor, medical technologists in the clinical laboratory, and surgeons in operating rooms to the same pools of data. However, it also pulls in data from external sources, such as pathology groups, other reference or medical laboratories, and even patient-worn mobile medical devices. The HBR report states, “The integration of data from Health Information Exchanges, clinical departmental systems (such as radiology and cardiology), patient satisfaction surveys, and health and wellness apps provides us with a detailed, longitudinal view of the patient.”
Big Data Helps Healthcare Professionals Spot Future Worries
Geisinger’s Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Close the Loop Program—named semi-finalists in Healthcare Informatics’ 2016 Innovator Awards Program—is an example of how NLP and data collation offers benefits often overlooked with traditional approaches.
Geisinger doctors found that AAAs typically are discovered during care for another condition. Often, the conditions for which the patient seeks care are more serious than the small AAA and it isn’t mentioned. While AAAs might be noted in patient records, healthcare providers typically do not look for the data. Thus, left untreated, a AAA can develop into a serious condition that could have been prevented.
NLP enables Geisinger doctors to analyze UDA data for warning signs of AAA and create follow-up and treatment plans that might otherwise remain overlooked. According to the HBR report, this program has led to 12 lifesaving operations to date that might otherwise have been missed.
Real-Time, Comprehensive Updates Offer Big Gains in Combating Sepsis
Big healthcare data shows potential for treating many life-threatening conditions, such as sepsis. Prompt treatment is essential to positive outcomes in sepsis cases. Physicians at Geisinger use the company’s UDA data to both pinpoint when sepsis indicators appeared, as well as to consolidate data from across a patient’s care continuum to optimize treatment.
Instead of sorting through disparate streams of data from various operational areas and reports, data is combined into a consolidated dashboard featuring real-time physiologic metrics, such as:
- Blood pressure measurements;
- Blood culture results; and
- Antibiotic administration.
The HBR report notes, “By tracking, aggregating, and synthesizing all sepsis-patient data, we expect we will be able to both reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired sepsis and improve its management.”
Using Big Data to Track Surgical Supply Chains and Waste
With the unique cost and outcome aspects of each surgical case, and the differences in payouts from payers, creating big data for tracking the efficiency and waste of surgeries is difficult without a big picture view of the factors. Using their UDA, Geisinger can track the exact supplies used in an operation along with the outcome, recovery, cost, and follow-up data related to the procedure.
“This gives surgeons and administrators an important new view of how they perform comparatively from both a cost and outcome perspective,” noted the HBR report’s authors.
Big data is still a developing technology. Nevertheless, programs such as at Geisinger Health offer useful lessons into how data streaming from clinical laboratories, pathology assays, operating rooms, intensive care units, and even personal health-tracking devices might be combined to provide a unified patient record. That would make it possible for caregivers to use analytical tools to tailor each patient’s care and treatment to his or her specific conditions and physiology.
—Jon Stone
Related Information:
How Geisinger Health System Uses Big Data to save Lives
How Unleashing Trapped Clinical Data Has Saved Lives at Geisinger Health System
The 2016 Healthcare Informatics Innovator Awards Program: Semifinalists
Unified Data Architecture Allows Patient Insights
At Geisinger Health System, Advanced Analytics Pave the Way to Better Outcomes
New Geisinger Initiative Digs Deep into the Wild, Unstructured World of Big Data
Geisinger Reaps System-wide Benefits with Big Data Approach
May 30, 2017 | Digital Pathology, Instruments & Equipment, Laboratory Instruments & Laboratory Equipment, Laboratory Management and Operations, Laboratory News, Laboratory Pathology, Laboratory Testing
Few anatomical tools hold more potential to revolutionize the science of diagnostics than biomarkers, and pathologists and medical laboratories will be first in line to put these powerful tools to use helping patients with chronic diseases
There’s good news for both anatomic pathology laboratories and medical laboratories worldwide. Large numbers of clinically-useful new biomarkers continue to be validated and are in development for use in diagnostic tests and therapeutic drugs.
Clinical laboratories rely on biomarkers for pathology tests and procedures that track and identify infections and disease during the diagnostic process. Thus, trends that highlight the critical role biomarkers play in medical research are particularly relevant to pathology groups and medical laboratories.
Here’s an overview of critical trends in biomarker research and development that promise to improve diagnosis and treatment of chronic disease.
Emerging Use of Predictive Biomarkers in Precision Medicine
Recent advances in whole genome sequencing are aiding the development of highly accurate diagnostics and treatment plans that involve the development and use of Predictive Biomarkers that improve Precision Medicine (PM).
PM involves an approach to healthcare that is fine-tuned to each patient’s unique condition and physiology. As opposed to the conventional one-size-fits-all approach, which looks at the best options for the average person without examining variations in individual patients.
Predictive biomarkers identify individuals who will most likely respond either favorably or unfavorably to a drug or course of treatment. This improves a patient’s chance to receive benefit or avoid harm and goes to the root of Precision Medicine. (Image copyright: Pennside Partners.)
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) defines PM as “an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that considers individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person.” It gives physicians and researchers the ability to more accurately forecast which prevention tactics and treatments will be optimal for certain patients.
Combining Drugs for Specific Outcomes
Cancer treatment will be complimented by the utilization of combination drugs that include two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients. Many drug trials are currently being performed to determine which combination of drugs will be the most favorable for specific cancers.
Combination drugs should become crucial in the treatment of different cancers treatments, such as immunotherapy, which involves treating disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response.
Biomarkers associated with certain cancers may enable physicians and researchers to determine which combination drugs will work best for each individual patient.
Developing More Effective Diagnostics
In Vitro diagnostics (IVDs) are poised for massive growth in market share. A report by Allied Market Research, states the worldwide IVD market will reach $81.3 billion by 2022. It noted that IVD techniques in which bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, stool, and sputum are tested to detect disease, conditions, and infections include important technologies such as:
Allied Market Research expects growth of the IVD market to result from these factors:
- Increases in chronic and infectious diseases;
- An aging population;
- Growing knowledge of rare diseases; and
- Increasing use of personalized medicines.
The capability to sequence the human genome is further adding to improvements in diagnostic development. Pharmaceutical companies can generate diagnostic counterparts alongside related drugs.
Biopsies from Fluid Sources
Millions of dollars have been spent on developing liquid biopsies that detect cancer from simple blood draws. The National Cancer Institute Dictionary of Cancer Terms defines a liquid biopsy as “a test done on a sample of blood to look for cancer cells from a tumor that are circulating in the blood or for pieces of DNA from tumor cells that are in the blood.”
At present, liquid biopsies are typically used only in the treatment and monitoring of cancers already diagnosed. Companies such as Grail, a spinoff of Illumina, and Guardant Health are striving to develop ways to make liquid biopsies a crucial part of cancer detection in the early stages, increasing long-term survival rates.
“The holy grail in oncology has been the search for biomarkers that could reliably signal the presence of cancer at an early stage,” said Dr. Richard Klausner, Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer at Grail.
Grail hopes to market a pan-cancer screening test that will measure circulating nucleic acids in the blood to detect the presence of cancer in patients who are experiencing no symptoms of the disease.
Clinical Trials and Precision Medicine
The Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI), launched by the federal government in 2015, investigates ways to create tailor-made treatments and prevention strategies for patients based on their distinctive attributes.
Two ongoing studies involved in PMI research are MATCH and TAPUR:
- MATCH (Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice) is a clinical trial run by The National Cancer Institute. The researchers are studying tumors to learn if they possess gene abnormalities that are treatable by known drugs.
- TAPUR (Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry), is a non-randomized clinical trial being conducted by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). The researchers are chronicling the safety and efficacy of available cancer drugs currently on the market.
New Tools for Pathologists and Clinical Laboratories
The attention and funds given to these types of projects expand the possibilities of being able to develop targeted therapies and treatments for patients. Such technological advancements could someday enable physicians to view and treat cancer as a product of specific gene mutations and not just a disease.
These trends will be crucial and favorable for clinical laboratories in the future. As tests and treatments become unique to individual patients, pathologists and clinical laboratories will be on the frontlines of providing advanced services to healthcare professionals.
—JP Schlingman
Related Information:
5 Trends Being Impacted by Biomarkers
Immuno-Oncology Stories of 2016
Bristol-Myers Leads Immune-Oncology Race but Merck, Astrazeneca and Roche Still Have Contenders
Five Companies to Watch in the Liquid Biopsy Field
Illumina Spinoff GRAIL to Trial Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of Cancer
Illumina Forms New Company to Enable Early Cancer Detection via Blood-Based Screening
A to Z List of Cancer Drugs
Personalized Medicine and the Role of Predictive vs. Prognostic Markers
Understanding Prognostic versus Predictive Biomarkers
NCI-MATCH Trial (Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice)
Six Months of Progress on the Precision Medicine Initiative
May 26, 2017 | Instruments & Equipment, Laboratory Instruments & Laboratory Equipment, Laboratory Management and Operations, Laboratory News, Laboratory Pathology, Laboratory Testing, Management & Operations
New low-cost alternatives to emergency department and hospital visits could require flexibility from pathology groups and clinical laboratories to provide the best quality care
In response to the rising cost of conventional hospital services, innovative healthcare models such as micro-hospitals, bedless hospitals, and mobile and freestanding emergency rooms (ERs), are attempting to lower costs while maintaining quality of care by providing alternatives to traditional ER visits and hospital stays.
This means new challenges and opportunities for pathology groups and medical laboratories that can adapt to the different needs of these new healthcare delivery models. Each different care model will want clinical lab testing services and the reporting of lab test results to be handled in ways that enable these providers to achieve improved patient outcomes. (more…)
May 17, 2017 | Digital Pathology, Instruments & Equipment, Laboratory Instruments & Laboratory Equipment, Laboratory Management and Operations, Laboratory News, Laboratory Operations, Laboratory Pathology, Laboratory Testing, Management & Operations
Genomics is quickly becoming the foundational disruptor technology on which many new and powerful clinical laboratory tests and procedures will be based
Genomics testing has become accessible, affordable, and in some instances, life-saving. Clinical laboratories and pathology groups are handling more genomic data each year, and the trend does not appear to be slowing down. Here are current trends in genomic research that soon could be bringing new capabilities to medical laboratories nationwide.
Improved Data Sharing
Sometimes genetic tests don’t translate into better outcomes for patients because medical labs are limited in how they can share genomic data. Thus, experts from various disciplines are seeking ways to integrate genomic data sharing into the hospital and laboratory clinical workflow in a form that’s easily accessible to doctors. (more…)
May 15, 2017 | Digital Pathology, Instruments & Equipment, Laboratory Instruments & Laboratory Equipment, Laboratory Management and Operations, Laboratory News, Laboratory Operations, Laboratory Pathology
Low-cost assay would be a boon in remote areas, war zones, and emergency departments by providing fast and reliable blood typing without the need for specialized clinical lab equipment, and by reducing demand on type-O blood supplies
Chinese researchers claim to have invented an inexpensive point-of-care (POC), paper-based blood test that can determine a patient’s blood type in seconds and with nearly perfect accuracy.
Such an inexpensive, simple-to-use assay would be game changing for pathology groups and clinical laboratories since traditional tests to classify blood into blood groups remain time consuming and labor intensive despite recent advances.
Changing Colors Reveal Blood Type
Hong Zhang and colleagues at Third Military Medical University in Chongqing, China, published their results in the March 15, 2017, issue of Science Translational Medicine. (more…)
May 12, 2017 | Instruments & Equipment, Laboratory Instruments & Laboratory Equipment, Laboratory Management and Operations, Laboratory News, Laboratory Operations, Laboratory Pathology, Laboratory Testing, Management & Operations
Unorthodox approach could one day provide clinical laboratories with new market opportunities to offer patients diagnostic services
Patients turning to the Internet to learn about medical ailments, chronic disease, medical laboratory tests, or pathology treatments is nothing remarkable these days. The Internet has become ubiquitous to patients who are engaged in their own healthcare. However, crowdsourcing medical problems to find probable diagnoses for rare medical conditions is a novel approach that is gaining in popularity.
Crowdsourcing is a relatively new type of project outsourcing. It involves acquiring specialized advice, services, and other contributions from a large group of qualified individuals who provide their work through the Internet from locations all over the globe.
The general idea is that more brains are better than few or one when it comes to completing tricky projects. It was only a matter of time before crowdsourcing discovered healthcare and companies sprang up to provide it as a service to patients with difficult-to-diagnose conditions, and to the physicians who are treating them. (more…)
